![]() The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. ![]() The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. To learn more on Linux, you could also visit our Linux Resources Page. To explore more ls command options, please visit the man pages by typing $ man ls on the terminal. $ ls -ld Figure 8: Listing Metadata for a Specific Directory with the ls -ld Command To list metadata for a directory without listing the directory contents, use ls -ld. $ ls -R Figure 7: Listing Files Recursively with the ls -R Command Listing Metadata for a Directory ![]() To list files recursively in a directory, use ls -R. $ ls -t Figure 6: Listing Directory Contents by Time with the ls -latr Command Listing Recursively All Files in a Directory To reverse the order of listing, -r option could be combined with the -t. $ ls -F Figure 5: Listing Directory Contents with the ls -F Command to Display File Types Listing by File Date and Time The / symbol denotes a directory, the symbol denotes a linked file, and the * symbol represents an executable file. To denote files types with special characters, use ls -F. Figure 4: Description of the ls -la Command Output Denoting File Types The additional information (file permissions, file ownership etc.) displayed for the my-script.sh file is described in more detail in Figure 4. $ ls -la Figure 3: Listing Directory Contents with the ls -la Command Note that command options can be combined, thus ls -l -a is the same with ls -la. To list all the files in a directory, including the hidden files, with additional information (long listing), use ls -la. $ ls -a Figure 2: Listing All the Directory Contents with the ls -a Command Listing With Detailed Information ![]() Hidden files begin with a period and not displayed by default. To list all the files in a directory, including the hidden files, without any additional information, use ls -a. $ ls Figure 1: Listing Directory Contents with the ls Command Listing Hidden Files To list just the files in a directory without any additional information, use ls. ) and -l to list with more details, such as file permissions, file size etc. Use -a to list all entries (including the hidden ones that start with. List information about the FILE(s) (the current directory by default). In Linux, ls command is used to display a list of the files and directories within the file system or to view detailed information (metadata) on specified files and directories. Read more educational and inspirational cyber quotes at our page 100+ Best Cyber Security & Hacker Quotes.
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